0:00 - Intro1:21 - Warrior3:07 - Death Knight4:48 - Warlock6:34 - Paladin8:21 - Hunter10:12 - Monk12:06 - Demon Hunter14:16 - Shaman16:41 - Druid18:51 - Mage...Okay, im really curiuous, im gonna put down my own personal list of classes id rather not face in a 1v1, and im wondering if some other people will do the same, just our of curiosity to see what the average pvp player think of the current pvp balance Shaman (well im a mage…) Paladin Druid Deathknight Hunter Spriest Warlock Rogue Monk Mage Dh Warrior as for healers, id rather not face any ...Welcome to Wowhead's Fire Mage guide for Arena PvP (Player vs Player), up to date for 9.2! This guide outlines the role of Fire Mages in PvP, their strengths and weaknesses, strong compositions for Fire Mages, and effective PvP strategies. ... While the Fire Mage rotation and skill priority remains unchanged in 9.2, the new 4-set tier bonus ...Introduction. One of the recurring themes that you will come across as you work your way into Arena games is "the meta". In short, this refers to the current ranking of strategies according to their strength. With regards to PvP in World of Warcraft, this mostly deals with the team compositions. The meta can change quickly, after a new patch or ...Classes in Wrath of the Lich King Classic will earn a total of 71 talent points, allowing them to take talents from multiple trees, though most builds typically invest the majority of their points in one tree, while taking only select bonuses in the others. ... PvP: Tier 7 (10-player): Heroes' Cryptstalker Battlegear; Tier 7 (25-player ...If you don't have all three of a balance druid, a resto shaman, and a demonology warlock in your raid, then an ele shaman is the only way to get the buffs you're missing. "Bring the player and not the class" and all that. Also, if the ele shaman is just flat out better than the balance druid, you want him. 2.Welcome to the World of Warcraft: Wrath of the Lich King PvP DPS tier list! We will be ...Before Wotlk Phase 3 comes out, let's find out which one is the ultimate DPS for Toc!-----...Disclaimers About This Tier List This guide was made to give you an overview of how each Healer is performing in Dragonflight Mythic+ Season 2 for Patch 10.1.7. We will update this tier list if any tuning changes do occur. This Tier List was made for players who prefer to choose their class based on its usefulness in the current Mythic+ metagame.Rating: Get Wowhead Premium $2 A Month Enjoy an ad-free experience, unlock premium features, & support the site! Contribute This guide will cover the best Wrath of the Lich King Classic Arena PvP 3v3 Compositions, ranking them based on how effective they are in the arena.WotLK Classic Phase 4 Healer Ranking for ICC. Here's a tier list of healer specs for the Icecrown Citadel (ICC) raid in World of Warcraft: Wrath of the Lich King, and their performance within the raid: 1. Restoration Shaman (S Tier) Restoration Shaman is the most powerful tank healer. They can use skills such as Earth Shield, Riptide, and ...Dungeon Set 1 Dungeon Set 2 Tier 1 Raid Set Tier 2 Raid Set Tier 3 Raid Set Level 60 PvP Rare Set Level 60 PvP Rare Set (Old) Level 60 PvP Epic Set Ruins of Ahn'Qiraj Set Temple of Ahn'Qiraj Set Zul'Gurub Set Tier 4 Raid Set Tier 5 Raid Set Dungeon Set 3 Arathi Basin Set Level 70 PvP Rare Set Arena Season 1 Set Tier 6 Raid Set Arena Season 2 ...Healer Tier List for Dragonflight PvP (Patch 10.1.5) All 7 healer specializations are viable in PvP, but depending on the circumstances and criteria for evaluation, some are stronger than others. This healer specialization ranking for the first PvP season of Dragonflight ranks all the specs, helping you determine the best compositions to play.These tier lists do more harm than good. People get excluded from low end raids and dungeons because of this nonsense. Comment by Sceletonx on 2022-12-09T18:07:28-06:00. This tier list is pointless. There are no real data for both type of the content, and if you do tier list based on some theory or feelings, then the though process needs to be ...WoW WotLK Classic Guide - PvP Arena Comp Tier List/Ranked. In this article, you will discover a tier list of the best and most played PvP arena team compositions and discuss why they're placed where they are. Wotlk's debut was the most anticipated event in the gaming community in spite of the numerous World of Warcraft expansions that have been ...Warlocks are one of the most powerful range DPS in the game in terms of raw damage output, which is enough to put them into the A-tier. Casters usually take a while to scale in WoW Classic, but thanks to dungeons like Dire Maul being available from the start, casters will have exceptional gear options available to jump-start their damage. . Additionally, the removal of the debuff limit means ...Key Points There are a total of 17 entries in our article. All of these characters have been ranked according to their powers, skills, synergy, damage, and …Introduction. One of the recurring themes that you will come across as you work your way into Arena games is "the meta". In short, this refers to the current ranking of strategies according to their strength. With regards to PvP in World of Warcraft, this mostly deals with the team compositions. The meta can change quickly, after a new patch or ...A complete searchable and filterable list of all Warrior Item Sets in World of Warcraft: Wrath of the Lich King. Always up to date with the latest patch (3.4.3).A complete searchable and filterable list of all Item Sets in World of Warcraft: Wrath of the Lich King. Always up to date with the latest patch (3.4.3).Rating: Get Wowhead Premium $2 A Month Enjoy an ad-free experience, unlock premium features, & support the site! Contribute This guide will cover the best Wrath of the Lich King Classic Arena PvP 3v3 Compositions, ranking them based on how effective they are in the arena.Current rating CR Experience PvP Exp. PvP Check PvP Score Score Miscellaneous ; Ranking # Name-Realm 2v2 3v3 RBG 2v2 3v3 RBG Arena RBG iLvl AP. Views LinksAll Tier List Guides. Rankings for all classes in World of Warcraft: Dragonflight based on their performance in Raid and Mythic+ content. Learn the strengths and weaknesses of all classes with our tier list explanations.Welcome to the World of Warcraft: Wrath of the Lich King DPS tier list! We will be ranking each DPS class available for the expansion, as well as explaining each class's position on the tier list.While melee DPS (Warriors and Rogues) were extremely valuable in WoW Classic, the tables have turned and melee are mediocre at best for the first couple of tiers of TBC Classic. Ranged DPS are now significantly stronger than at any point in WoW Classic, with Hunters and Warlocks sitting in the S-tier for the majority of TBC Classic.PvP DPS Tier List; PvP Healer Tier List; 2v2 Arena Team Tier List; 3v3 Arena Team Tier List; Tools Menu Toggle. Talent Calculator; Database; WotLK Gems; ... Heroic Lich King Hotfixed on Wrath Classic PTR September 29, 2023; New Icecrown Citadel PTR Build: Bug Fixes and Adjustments September 29, 2023; Our Communities.Best in Slot (BiS) & Pre-Raid Gear. Best Arena Comps. The Elemental Shaman is a high-burst caster class that fills in the role of a hybrid, it provides extreme amounts of damage while also supporting the role of an "off-healer" if the need arises. As an Elemental Shaman, you are characterized as a static caster that offers high damage who ...I just bought a lvl 58 boost while it's on sale. My main is a warlock and I am thinking of boosting a melee for some pvp in wotlk. I was thinking rogue, would love to hear your thoughts on rogue in wotlk. Also happy to hear about other melee pvp classes. Thanks!3.3.5a is not an issue it's guarantee that we'll get WOTLK latest patch for Classic. Based on vanilla and tbc getting the end patch, we will likely be getting wrath end patch too. One huge distinction in wrath end patch compared to previous, is that EVERY class was balanced and rebalanced multiple times leading up to this point.A complete searchable and filterable list of all Hunter Pets in World of Warcraft: Wrath of the Lich King. Always up to date with the latest patch (3.4.3).This tier list is based on the overall strength of each class as this could get pretty messy if we did a specific tier list for each class in terms of duels, premades, solo que, world pvp, etc. Additionally, classes like druid, paladin, shaman, and mage all have different "specs" that could argue their own spot among the list. For this reason ...3.3.5a is not an issue it's guarantee that we'll get WOTLK latest patch for Classic. Based on vanilla and tbc getting the end patch, we will likely be getting wrath end patch too. One huge distinction in wrath end patch compared to previous, is that EVERY class was balanced and rebalanced multiple times leading up to this point.In this article, we've compiled the ultimate DPS tier list for Phase 4, based on a combination of simulated DPS data, real-world raid data, PTR experience, and the latest simulation data. We'll guide you through the specs that will make you the MVP of your raid group in Phase 4. Methodology. Top 10. Combat Rogue.Tank Tier List. Based solely on rating from 42 leaderboard entries. Please see the FAQ for more info, including important caveats. Subcreation provides statistical analysis of Mythic+ dungeons, Raids, and PvP in World of Warcraft: Shadowlands and provides summaries of the top talents, gear, enchants, and gems used in Mythic+ and Raids.WotLK PvE DPS Tier List. WotLK PvP Class Tier List. WotLK Tank Tier List. Now it's time to dive into what you came here for, let's discuss a tier list for Healers in WotLK Classic.SUBSCRIBE FOR MORE https://www.youtube.com/c/Grasswalker?sub_confirmation=1 Ever wonder what the best class is at level 19 in the battleground Warsong Gulc...Read more: WOTLK Best 2v2 Comps. S Tier In WOTLK Healer Rankings. Holy Paladin. Holy Paladin is overpowered in Wrath of the Lich King. You have new monster abilities like a beacon of light and sacred shield. Beacon of light causes the target to become a beacon of light, so any heals you cast will also heal the beacon of the light target, double ...This tier list is based on the overall strength of each class as this could get pretty messy if we did a specific tier list for each class in terms of duels, premades, solo que, world pvp, etc. Additionally, classes like druid, paladin, shaman, and mage all have different "specs" that could argue their own spot among the list. For this reason ...We're looking at the Mythic+ Tier List for the first time in Dragonflight Pre-Patch Phase 2. DISCLAIMER. The following post is based on statistics provided by Subcreation, a website that gathers various Mythic+ data from live servers.Please note that the tier list is biased toward the top end because it only looks at the top 100 keys per dungeon per affix and it doesn't look at keys below +16 ...Tank Tier List. Based solely on rating from 453 leaderboard entries. Please see the FAQ for more info, including important caveats. Subcreation provides statistical analysis of Mythic+ dungeons, Raids, and PvP in World of Warcraft: Shadowlands and provides summaries of the top talents, gear, enchants, and gems used in Mythic+ and Raids.The following professions are considered viable, but offer a lesser benefit compared to the best professions, so they're not recommended. If you're not focused on making your character 100% optimal, you can use any of these professions just fine. Jewelcrafting. Alchemy. Blacksmithing.Feral Druid 2v2 Comps. Feral Druid + Discipline Priest. While Feral has two specs in this tier, this one is a contender to the top 3 comps we mentioned earlier. The only downside is that it’s significantly less forgiving. In the right hands, it easily makes it to S tier alongside the best 2v2 comps.S tier: Warrior, Paladin, DK. A tier: Warlock, Shaman, Priest. B tier: Mage, Hunter. C tier: Rogue, Druid. CousinMabel • 5 yr. ago. I thought frost mage was one of the best pvp classes in wrath? [deleted] • 5 yr. ago. It is. I've come to realize that most people on Reddit don't really know what they're talking about.PvP Healer Rankings Summary. You can find below a quick summary of the current PvP healer rankings: Holy Paladin (S-Tier) Discipline Priest (A-Tier) Restoration Druid (A-Tier) Restoration Shaman (B-Tier) Holy Priest (B-Tier) In order to further understand the reasoning behind these ranks, we would recommend you to read the rest of the page, as ...Show 8 Comments. Today, we'd like to highlight our PvP class guides which have been updated for Shadowlands Season 3. Our PvP writers have busy testing out Shadowlands Patch 9.2 and have updated the guides with analysis and advice on Double Legendaries, Tier Sets, new PvP trinkets, Covenants, and more.This raid concludes with an epic boss encounter against the Lich King himself. Many items, trinkets, and tier set bonuses will push each class to their maximum potential in this raid tier, so be sure to check out the Best in Slot Gear guide below --Holy Paladin Healer BiS Phase 4 ICC Raid Loot Tier 10 Set Overview Holy Paladin Healer BiS Phase 3Unholy Death Knights are one of the most powerful damage-dealing classes in WotLK, and this applies to PvP as well! They have solid sustained DPS, paired with some very high burst capabilities thanks to their Empower Rune Weapon and Summon Gargoyle cooldowns. High Survivability & Defensive Capabilities. Unholy Death Knights come with a large ...This is Episode 12 of a Podcast that Sarthe and I started called "The Classic Life". Todays Episodes is about all about Wrath of the Lich King Classic! We p...Current rating CR Experience PvP Exp. PvP Check PvP Score Score Miscellaneous ; Ranking # Name-Realm 2v2 3v3 RBG 2v2 3v3 RBG Arena RBG iLvl AP. Views LinksWarlock Playstyle. Warlock are one of the most powerful classes in the game. Warlock branches off into three specializations, all with a different playstyle, and all of them being strong in the current Wratch Classic patch. All three specs got a massive rework coming into this expansion, making them more interactive, engaging and very fun to play.Human. The Human race is one of the two possible choices for Alliance Warlocks. Whilst pretty dull roleplaying-wise, humans have some of the best racials come Wrath of the Lich King. It has powerful racials that can help you in PvE scenarios. The Human Spirit is one of the most important racials. It increases your spirit by 3% since this will ...So best pvp class for Arena wont be the best pvp class for BG. If you want a safe bet, go Disc priest. Not the god tier in anything but A tier in all arena brackets and BG. ... Hpal is the king of wotlk pvp. The only reason it isn't played more is because most players would rather lose (and complain about not having a healer) instead of play a ...so I decided to make a tier list w/ no knowledge whatsoeverIf you enjoyed the video don't forget to like, subscribe, & share with a friend to help the channe...TIER LIST ARENAS WOTLK BALTHA BALTHA - INFORMACION ⬇ ⬇ ⬇ ⬇ ⬇ ⬇ ⬇ ⬇ ⬇ ⬇ VIDEO QUE QUIZA TE INTERESE: https://www.youtube.com...I want to establish a tier list for all specs and classes currently on PW for PvP (Battlegrounds for now). agree/disagree with the list. Currently, the following is entirely my opinion on what I have seen (so don't taze me bro!) Aff. Warlock, Dest. Warlock, Bal. Druid, Resto. Druid, Feral Druid, Ele.Wrath 2v2 Arena Tier List. 2v2 is generally considered an unbalanced bracket, where only a few classes and compositions rule at the top, but even then there …DPS Rankings / Tier List for WoW Classic. No game is perfectly balanced, and WoW Classic is no exception. Some classes are better than others at the high end for pure DPS and, inevitably, a meta exists. This ranking is based on pure DPS output in a raid scenario right now in the game, assuming you are Level 60 with full pre-raid BiS gear and ...Overall, Elemental Shaman can bring a large amount of the caster buffs you need for your group singlehandedly, and has a very simple rotation which is easy to perform, as well as high burst damage and hard to stop crowd control, which makes it one of the strongest PvP classes in Wrath! Viability of Elemental Shaman DPS in Wrath of the Lich King PvE ContentLearn how each DPS spec in World of Warcraft: Wrath of the Lich King is ranked and explained in the WotLK PvP DPS tier list. Find out the best 2v2 and 3v3 comps, the buffs and weaknesses, and the new talents …A complete searchable and filterable list of all Trinkets in World of Warcraft: Wrath of the Lich King. Always up to date with the latest patch (3.4.3).WotLK Classic Best PvP Tier List. Hello guys. It's Librarian Husky here today, going to World of Warcraft here. I will share my Lich King spec and class tier list for 3.3.5, as that is what wrath classic will be played on. I don't know everything, but that's my tier list. You can't argue between what's at the top and what's at the ...The Lich King; Reputation Menu Toggle. Alliance Vanguard; Argent Crusade Menu Toggle. The Argent Tournament; Ashen Verdict; Explorers' League; The Frenzyheart Tribe; ... PvP Healer Tier List; 2v2 Arena Team Tier List; 3v3 Arena Team Tier List; Tools Menu Toggle. Talent Calculator; Database; WotLK Gems; WotLK Server Population; WotLK Arena ...Arena Season 8 (Wrathful) started on February 2, 2010 with patch 3.3.2, and ended on October 12, 2010 when patch 4.0.1 was released. This was the last season of Wrath of the Lich King.1. With the WoW Classic Season of Mastery launch taking place later today, we've prepared a Tier List for Phase 1, featuring DPS, Healing, and Tank tier lists. Because Season of Mastery is a completely new experience for WoW Classic, the information gathered for this article covers player uploaded data on Warcraft Logs from the Season of ...Tier List Lastfrstborn - October 15, 2022. Each healer in WotLK has a very unique playstyle with very distinct strengths and weaknesses. While some are obviously better than others, all of them can find success in arena. This tier list will help you navigate the healer meta in Wrath to pick the best class for your playstyle.This guide will walk you through everything you need to know to play Elemental Shaman in a PvP environment. The guide will cover everything from talent choices, PvP talents, gameplay and rotation, and useful racial bonuses. It is most applicable to Arena content, but most talents and racial bonuses will work in Rated Battlegrounds and skirmishes.WoW Classic Twinks. World Of Warcraft. Welcome to our World of Warcraft Classic Twink Builds Guide for Level 19, 29, 39, 49, 59 Battlegrounds. Below we rank the Best Twink Races and Classes to use and provide links to the complete builds for each class, which have the best in slot gear to equip and multiple Talent Tree Builds.1. PvP Healer Rankings Summary You can find below a quick summary of the current PvP healer rankings: Holy Paladin (S-Tier) Discipline Priest (A-Tier) Restoration …8 thg 8, 2022 ... There is only two viable builds for PVP as a priest, the Discipline or Shadow Priest. Discipline priests boasts the fastest casting time in ...I was as HONEST as I could be based on my experiences and data for this and it is in my opinion the BEST Arena Tier List for WotLK PvP.Twitch 👉 https://www....Wotlk PvP and PVE tier list possible? I understand these are for the most part subjective however there is usually a general consensus on classes and specs being around a certain level ( e.g resto shaman being easily the best 4.3 pvp healer and I usually hear of paladins being very strong in wotlk.) I have only every played WoW before between 4 ...📹 TROVO - https://trovo.live/NibbaiWOTLK📱 INSTAGRAM - https://www.instagram.com/nibbai_wotlk/💬 DISCORD - https://discord.gg/TnjbGNwEzU_____...In this article, we've compiled the ultimate DPS tier list for Phase 4, based on a combination of simulated DPS data, real-world raid data, PTR experience, and the latest simulation data. We'll guide you through the specs that will make you the MVP of your raid group in Phase 4. Methodology. Top 10. Combat Rogue.Melee: Range: Healer: S-tier: Retribution Paladin: Retribution Paladin is receiving some insane changes in 10.0.7, including new ranged abilities that take the spec to the S tier. With a new wall ability, Retribution Paladin gains non-bubble protection, providing a 20 DR. In addition, the Ret shield and buff further bolster their defenses.There were no new dungeon sets released with Wrath of the Lich King. Raid tier sets [] Tier 7 - This set has a 10 and 25 man version. Dropped from Naxxramas, the Obsidian Sanctum and from Archavon the Stone Watcher in the Vault of Archavon or bought from various vendors in Dalaran. Tier 8 - This set has a 10 and 25 man version.WotLK Melee DPS PvP Class A Tier. Now we cover the rest of the high tiers with three more specs that will be highly competitive: 4. Ret Paladin. This refers to both one-handed and two-handed versions for the sake of clarity. The protective magic that Wrath Rhett Paladins can cast, probably the best utility in the game, is one of their specialties.An in-depth PvP Tier List for World of Warcraft - Cataclysm 4.3.4 including all MELEE classes and specs - by yours truly - Arena Master Rank 1 best WoW playe...Holy Priest. Just like it was the case in TBC, Holy is unfortunately not really a viable PvP spec, and hence it finds itself in the D-tier. To Blizzard’s credit, they made a legitimate effort to make Holy better in PvP in WotLK. New talents like Guardian Spirit, Body and Soul and Test of Faith, along with improved talents like Surge of Light ...Join our Discord server: https://discord.gg/scwow Get the RATING You've Always Wanted: https://www.skill-capped.com/wrath/pricing/plans#wotlkbestmelee SUBSC...Wrath of the Lich King introduces a new profession, Inscription. There are also a lot of profession changes, with the intent of improving the balance between the different professions. Most professions are pretty competitive as a result, as they provide useful combat bonuses to your character. This guide will list…In this guide, we present the WotLK Classic Arena PvP Tier List by going over every single class and specialization for the arena in Wrath of the Lich King Classic, and the best comps each class & spec goes well with in WoW Classic Wrath of the Lich King. AOEAH - Top Games Gold & Coins & Items Seller Site.Here's our class tier list for WoW Classic PvP.. S Tier Arms Warrior, Frost Mage, Assassination, and Subtlety rogue. Warrior, Mage, and Rogue are the premier classes in Classic, especially in ...WoW Classic Twinks. World Of Warcraft. Welcome to our World of Warcraft Classic Twink Builds Guide for Level 19, 29, 39, 49, 59 Battlegrounds. Below we rank the Best Twink Races and Classes to use and provide links to the complete builds for each class, which have the best in slot gear to equip and multiple Talent Tree Builds.Classic PvP Class Tier List Please keep in mind that WoW Classic is built off of patch 1.12 balance and design, which means some aspects of Classic classes differ from Vanilla. The analysis below is based on current performance in the Classic client, using Patch 1.12 abilities, but before they've obtained full Rank 14 gear, BiS Naxxramas, or ...Welcome to Dratnos' and Tettles' Patch 9.2 Shadowlands DPS Tier List predictions for Mythic+ Season 3. They've made some predictions for Mythic+ in Patch 9.2 based on PTR testing and current knowledge of the dungeons and Seasonal affix, giving their thoughts on what the strengths and weaknesses of each DPS spec will be and how each spec will perform.Armes. Druide. Restauration. Prêtre. Discipline. mmo. WoW WotLK : Notre tier list des spécialisations en PvE pour la Phase 1. Dans l'extension Wrath of the Lich King Classic de World of Warcraft ...This guide will outline all the best in slot, or bis, items that Assassination Rogues can equip in Phase 2 of Wrath of the Lich King Classic. Launching on January 17th players will be coming back ...The new set brings a lot of power to your character and you should try to get 4 pieces of tier as quickly as possible. You should be high priority for tier, as Demonology is one of the strongest sets in 10.1. How to Acquire your Demonology Warlock Tier Set Bonus in Dragonflight Season 2 Tier Sets can be acquired in three distinct ways:Warcraft Tavern covers the latest news for World of Warcraft The Wrath of the Lich King. Up to date and breaking news for WotLK Classic. Warcraft Tavern covers the latest news for World of Warcraft The Wrath of the Lich King. ... PvP Healer Tier List; 2v2 Arena Team Tier List; 3v3 Arena Team Tier List; Tools Menu Toggle. Talent Calculator ...A collection of World of Warcraft tier list templates. Create New Template. World of Warcraft Playable Races 8.3. Wow specs. World of Warcraft Dragonflight Class Specializations ... World of Warcraft WotLk & Cata Class tier list. WoW Dragonflight Specs (w/Aug) WoW Cinematic. WoW Classes. World of Warcraft: Best Expansions. Wow Villans.Welcome to Skill Capped’s Tier List of the Best Melee DPS Specs in Wrath of the Lich King Classic. WotLK PvP meta is known for being quite diverse and giving …3.3.5a is not an issue it's guarantee that we'll get WOTLK latest patch for Classic. Based on v, Contents. Welcome to the Affliction Warlock PVP guide for World of Warcraft: Wrath of th, Balance Druid. MLX. Frost Mage. Destruction Warlock. RLX. Assassi, Tier lists dont really work in classic. There are just too many variables in, Join the Discord! https://discord.gg/WVHp6N8MCuWatch me live! https://www.twitch.tv/earpugsSupport me on Pat, Welcome to Skill Capped’s Tier List of the Best Melee DPS Specs in Wrath of , Welcome to the World of Warcraft: Wrath of the Lich King PvP DPS tier list! We will be ranking ..., Welcome to Wowhead's WotLK Classic PvE tier list predict, Just be prepared to be public enemy #1. S-tier WoW , Join our Discord server: https://discord.gg/scwow Get the RAT, PvP DPS Tier List; PvP Healer Tier List; 2v2 Arena Team Tier, Learn how each DPS spec in World of Warcraft: Wrath of , While melee DPS (Warriors and Rogues) were extremely valuable in WoW , This is especially true for Wrath of the Lich King. In order to simpl, Classes in Wrath of the Lich King Classic will earn a tot, Melee: Range: Healer: S-tier: Retribution Paladin: Retribu, ... arena tier list or 3v3 arena tier list, and, of, Feral Druid 2v2 Comps. Feral Druid + Discipline Priest. W.