Cat scratch disease (CSD), bacillary angiomatosis, hepatic peliosis and some cases of bacteraemia, endocarditis, and osteomyelitis are directly caused by some species of the genus Bartonella.The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of IgG antibodies against Bartonella henselae in healthy people and to identify the …Bartonella henselae is an aerobic, oxidase-negative, and slow growing Gram negative rod, slightly curved. It does not have flagella to facilitate its movement; however, there has been evidence of twitching motility. It requires very exact and fastidious conditions to grow in vitro. The temperature for optimal growth is 37 degrees Celsius and …Bartonella spp., mostly Bartonella quintana and B. henselae, are a common cause of culture-negative endocarditis.Serology using immunofluorescence assay (IFA) and PCR performed on cardiac tissues are the mainstays of diagnosis. We developed an enzyme immunoassay (EIA) and a novel multiplex real-time PCR assay, utilizing Bartonella genus-specific, B. henselae-specific, and B. quintana-specific ...The responsible bacteria, Bartonella henselae, is most commonly spread to humans by a cat scratch and often results in a fever. Bartonella henselae is very common in cats, especially young cats and kittens with fleas. Other animals, like dogs and rabbits, can also be infected. Cat scratch fever, or cat scratch disease, does not result in ...Infectious Agent. Several gram-negative bacteria in the genus Bartonella cause human disease through various transmission routes. Human illness primarily is caused by B. quintana (known historically as "trench fever"), B. bacilliformis (Carrión disease), and B. henselae (cat scratch disease [CSD]). A variety of Bartonella spp. can cause subacute, culture-negative endocarditis; other ...Background. The genus Bartonella is composed of fastidious, Gram-negative and aerobic bacilli belonging to the Alpha proteobacteria group.Bartonella species (spp.) are hemotropic, arthropod-borne bacteria that cause long-term bacteremia in mammalian reservoir hosts [1,2].During the past decade, there has been a dramatic increase in the number of new Bartonella species that have been discovered ...CDC Bartonella henselae infection or cat scratch disease (CSD) Transmission People become infected with Bartonella henselae from the scratch of domestic or feral cats, particularly kittens. Cats can have fleas that carry B. henselae bacteria.Resources. Angelakis E, Raoult D. Pathogenicity and treatment of Bartonella infections . Int J Antimicrob Agents 2014;44:16–25. Bass JW, Freitas BC, Freitas AD, Sisler CL, Chan DS, Vincent JM, et al. Prospective randomized double blind placebo-controlled evaluation of azithromycin for treatment of cat-scratch disease.CPT Codes: 86611 x4 -Antibody; Bartonella Test Includes: Bartonella henselae IgG and IgM antibody levels and Bartonella quintana IgG and IgM antibody levels reported as titers. Logistics Test Indications: Useful for rapid diagnosis of bartonella infection, especially in the context of a cat scratch or histopathology showing typical features ofThe species Bartonella henselae causes cat scratch disease. The bacteria may be present on a cat or kitten’s claw or mouth and spread through a scratch, bite, or lick. Fleas may transmit the ...CSD is a bacterial infection caused by Bartonella henselae. Most infections usually occur after scratches from domestic or feral cats, especially kittens. CSD occurs wherever cats …Bartonella henselae is a bacterium responsible for cat scratch disease (CSD), a zoonotic infectious disease usually transmitted to human by bites or scratches of domestic cat, its natural reservoir. Atypical clinical course in CSD occurs in a minority of cases (5-14% of CSD) [].Among these atypical CSD, neurological manifestations associated with B. henselae are scarce, consisting mostly in ...SketchyMicro | Microbiology 7.1 - Bartonella henselae Vegetarian Protein Sources, Costume Contest, Pharmacology. Sketchy - Learning Made Unforgettable ...Bartonella henselae is the causative agent of cat scratch disease and bacillary angiomatosis-peliosis. The spectrum of disease, diagnosis, and management of B. henselae infection in solid organ transplant recipients has not been well characterized. We identified 29 cases of solid organ transplant recipients who had Bartonella infection, 24 by a review of the English-language literature and 5 ...Table. Titers against Bartonella spp. antigens in 6 patients who seroconverted Patient sex/ Reciprocal titer age, y Acute-phase serum Convalescent-phase serum Interval, d Antigen High titer to other antigen F/77 32 128 6 B. henselae Berlin1 B. henselae K68 F/50 32 256 17 B. henselae Berlin1 0 M/74 128 512 19 B. grahamii B. henselae K68USMLE® Step 1 style questions USMLE of complete Preview A 25-year-old woman presents to an urgent care facility due to fever and discomfort in the right axilla for the …Patient demographics. The study included 224 patients, of whom 16 (7%) were seropositive for antibodies against B. quintana or B. henselae, or both.An anti-Bartonella spp. IgG-seronegative group of 32 patients was matched for age, sex and region of residence from the same cohort of patients investigated at the CVI.The seropositive …The species Bartonella henselae causes cat scratch disease. The bacteria may be present on a cat or kitten’s claw or mouth and spread through a scratch, bite, or lick. Fleas may transmit the ...Purpose of review To explore and critically appraise the published data on the current and emerging treatment modalities for neuroretinitis. Recent findings The optimum treatment strategy for neuroretinitis due to Bartonella henselae in immunocompetent individuals is not clear and a matter of debate. The role of systemic corticosteroids in infectious neuroretinitis and the optimum ...CPT Codes: 86611 x4 -Antibody; Bartonella Test Includes: Bartonella henselae IgG and IgM antibody levels and Bartonella quintana IgG and IgM antibody levels reported as titers. Logistics Test Indications: Useful for rapid diagnosis of bartonella infection, especially in the context of a cat scratch or histopathology showing typical features ofBartonella henselae is well known for causing cat-scratch disease, usually characterized by a mild infection that may be limited to the site of injury, or may present general systemic symptoms such as fever, headache, fatigue, and poor appetite. Recently, it has been observed that this pathogen may enter human erythrocytes, like B. bacilliformis and B. quintana. 15 This observation raised some ...What is Bartonella? Bartonella is a common bacterial Lyme disease coinfection. Currently, there are 15 known species of Bartonella that cause infections in humans, but that number might be just the tip of the iceberg. Although cat scratch fever (Bartonella henselae), transmitted from the lick, scratch, or bite of an infected cat, is the most well-known Bartonella infection, 37 different ...Study Sketchy Micro: Bartonella Henselae flashcards from Billy Tran's class online, or in Brainscape's iPhone or Android app. Learn faster with spaced repetition.Infectious Agent. Several gram-negative bacteria in the genus Bartonella cause human disease through various transmission routes. Human illness primarily is caused by B. quintana (known historically as "trench fever"), B. bacilliformis (Carrión disease), and B. henselae (cat scratch disease [CSD]). A variety of Bartonella spp. can cause subacute, culture-negative endocarditis; other ...Bartonella henselae is a relatively uncommon pathogen that can present as a serious disease in immunocompromised patients. We present a case of a 76-year-old man with stable chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) who presented to the emergency department (ED) with an onset of right axillary lymphadenitis after recovering from a recent cat bite on the ipsilateral finger.Cat Scratch Disease . Bartonella henselae is the causative agent for CSD and has also been known to cause bacillary angiomatosis, peliosis hepatis, bacteremia, and endocarditis in immunocompromised individuals. CSD was first described in 1931, but the causative agent was unknown at the time, so CSD was not reported until decades later, …Clinical signs and symptoms of infection vary widely depending on both the specific tissue infected and the immune status of the host. 2 Bartonella henselae is the most common ocular pathogen, although B. quintana, B. grahamii and B. elizabethae infections each have been reported to infect the eye. 3,5,6,7 The natural reservoir of B. henselae ...Bartonella henselae (B. henselae) is a gram-negative, intracellular bacteria that is the causative agent of cat-scratch disease (CSD).Transmission of B. henselae typically occurs through cat scratches, bites, or wound contamination with over 90% of CSD cases reporting a history of exposure to cats; however, direct human exposure to the cat flea (Ctenocephalides felis) or its feces has also ...Bacillary angiomatosis is also known as epithelioid angiomatosis is an uncommon disease and is a disorder characterized by neovascular proliferation in the skin or the internal organs and presenting as tumor-like masses due to infection with Bartonella henselae or Bartonella quintana.Originally, bacillary angiomatosis was described in …Bartonella Henselae for the USMLE Step 1. Better than Sketchy, and completely free. Watch our entire microbiology library right here on YouTube, for free, forever. Come check out the rest...Causative pathogens were mainly B. henselae. Bartonella infection mimicked ANCA-associated vasculitis in 83% with PR3-ANCA and presented as cryoglobulinaemic vasculitis in 8%. GN was present in 92%, and 88% had endocarditis. Complement fractions were low in 82% and rheumatoid factor positive in 85%. Kidney biopsies showed cell proliferation ...May 25, 2023 · INTRODUCTION. Bartonella quintana is a species of Bartonella, which historically caused "trench fever" and more recently has been associated with a variety of infections including bacteremia, endocarditis, and bacillary angiomatosis. The clinical features, diagnosis, and treatment of B. quintana infection will be reviewed here. Epidemiology, clinical features, diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of Bartonella neuroretinitis were reviewed. Results: Cat scratch disease (CSD) is a worldwide distributed systemic infectious disease caused by a bacterium, Bartonella henselae (B. henselae) which is usually transmitted to humans through contact with infected cats. Ocular ...Bartonella henselae is an aerobic, oxidase-negative, and slow growing Gram negative rod, slightly curved. It does not have flagella to facilitate its movement; however, there has been evidence of twitching motility. It requires very exact and fastidious conditions to grow in vitro.Cat scratch disease is the most common zoonotic infection caused by Bartonella bacteria. Among the many mammals infected with Bartonella spp., cats represent a large reservoir for human infection, as they are the main reservoir for Bartonella henselae, Bartonella clarridgeiae and Bartonella koehlera …Bartonella henselae causes cat scratch disease and several other clinical entities. Infections with B. henselae are frequently occurring; however, the infection is only rarely diagnosed, mainly due to a lack of knowledge in the medical community. Microscopic immunofluorescence assays (IFA) are widely used for the serodiagnosis of B. henselae infections but are laborious and time-consuming, and ...Jan 28, 2017 - Explore Sharlym Dueno's board "sketchy micro" on Pinterest. See more ideas about med school study, microbiology, pharmacy school.Bartonella spp., mostly Bartonella quintana and B. henselae, are a common cause of culture-negative endocarditis.Serology using immunofluorescence assay (IFA) and PCR performed on cardiac tissues are the mainstays of diagnosis. We developed an enzyme immunoassay (EIA) and a novel multiplex real-time PCR assay, utilizing …Bartonella Henselae: treatment for both. macrolides. macrolide crows flying in sky. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Bartonella Henselae: gram, …16 nov 2016 ... Hence, IL-10 is associated with tuberculosis (TB) reactivation, Bartonella henselae persistent infection, and Bartonella quintana chronic ...Bartonella henselae is a causative agent of cat scratch disease. We preliminarily tested four media for the bacterial growth, including agar plates with sheep, horse or rabbit blood, and chocolate agar. Of these media, rabbit blood and chocolate agar plate were found to be more excellent for the growth than the medium with sheep or horse blood. ...Cat-scratch disease (CSD) is the most common human infection caused by Bartonella species. CSD has worldwide distribution and has been described in all areas of North America. In northern ...Bacillary angiomatosis is skin infection caused by the gram-negative bacteria Bartonella henselae or B. quintana. Diagnosis is based on histopathology of the skin lesions, cultures, and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis. Treatment is with antibiotics. (See also Overview of Bartonella Infections .)We describe a novel, chemically modified, insect-based liquid culture medium that supports the growth of at least seven Bartonella species. This medium will also support cocultures consisting of different Bartonella species, and it facilitated the primary isolation of Bartonella henselae from blood and aqueous fluid of naturally infected cats.Bartonella henselae, the agent of cat-scratch disease, is an increasingly identified cause of FUO. 12 Other symptoms, such as listlessness, anorexia, and headache, are common …Aug 1, 2020 · The Bartonella genus of bacteria are fastidious and slow-growing gram-negative bacilli. From 1889 to the present, 8 different Bartonella species have been identified, with differing manifestations. This In Brief reviews the illnesses caused by 3 of the more common Bartonella strains: henselae, quintana, and bacilliformis.CSD, caused by ... The three most commonly known to cause illness in people are Bartonella henselae, the bacteria that causes Cat Scratch Disease, Bartonella quintana, which is responsible for trench fever, and Bartonella bacilliformis, the agent that causes Carrión's disease. The medical community has been aware of Bartonella infections since the early 1900's.Bartonella henselae (B. henselae) is a gram-negative bacterium that causes cat scratch disease, bacteremia, and endocarditis, as well as other clinical presentations. B. henselae has been shown to form a biofilm in vitro that likely plays a role in the establishment and persistence of the bacterium in the host. Biofilms are also known to form in the cat flea vector; hence, the ability of this ...Bartonella koehlerae is reported for the first time to be a human pathogen that causes culture-negative endocarditis. It is also shown that this species, isolated twice before from domestic cats, can be recovered as well from a stray cat population in Israel. This work follows a recent report of the …Las infecciones por B. henselae se pueden confirmar mediante el cultivo del microorganismo, PCR o las pruebas serológicas. El aislamiento de B. henselae resulta difícil, pero se puede lograr con el empleo de medios especializados. El microorganismo tarda de 9 a 45 días para crecer. El PCR puede distinguir entre B. henselae y B.Jun 12, 2023 · Spend a few minutes on this balcony and you won’t soon forget the view. Truly an unforgettable look at Bartonella henselae, which causes cat-scratch disease ... La bartonelosis es una enfermedad originada por las bacterias Bartonella. Destaca una especie en concreto, la Bartonella henselae. Se la conoce porque también puede afectar a los humanos. Es la causante de una afección denominada fiebre o enfermedad del arañazo del gato. La mordedura de perros con Bartonella también puede contagiar esta ...Introducción. El síndrome oculoglandular de Parinaud, descrito en 1889 por el oftalmólogo francés Henri Parinaud 1, constituye una forma especial de conjuntivitis granulomatosa relacionada con la enfermedad por arañazo de gato.El aislamiento de Bartonella henselae permitió establecer la asociación entre ambas enfermedades 1.La presentación clásica se caracteriza por un síndrome ...The genus Bartonella is composed of fastidious, Gram-negative and aerobic bacilli belonging to the Alpha proteobacteria group.Bartonella species (spp.) are hemotropic, arthropod-borne bacteria that cause long-term bacteremia in mammalian reservoir hosts [1, 2].During the past decade, there has been a dramatic increase in the number of new Bartonella species that have been discovered among ...Bartonella henselae is a gram-negative, oxidase-negative, fastidious, aerobic, rod-shaped, slow-growing bacterium. Stoler et al. first demonstrated the involvement of a bacterium in the etiology of an AIDS-related syndrome, bacillary angiomatosis (BA).In 1990, a 16S ribosomal gene fragment was amplified by PCR directly from tissue samples from patients with BA.Many species are pathogenic to humans, but three are responsible for most clinical symptoms: Bartonella bacilliformis, Bartonella quintana, and Bartonella henselae. Peruvian wart, caused by B. bacilliformis, may be indistinguishable from bacillary angiomatosis caused by the other two species. Other cutaneous manifestations include maculo ...10.1111/lam.12286. Several serological diagnostics rely on enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to detect bacterial infections. However, for some pathogens, including Bartonella henselae, diagnosis still depends on manually intensive, time-consuming assays including micro-immunofluorescence, Western blotting or indirect immunofluorescence ...Culture: B. henselae is a fastidious, slow-growing, gram-negative rod that requires specific culture techniques for tissue or blood such as up to 1 month incubation period, enriched agar with 5% CO2 at 32-35 degrees Celsius. Laboratory test. Serologies: An IFA or ELISA Bartonella serology (titer ≥1:64) is diagnostic.Cat scratch disease, caused by Bartonella henselae is the infection that is most commonly caused by Bartonella species. Bartonella bacilliformis causes Oroya fever and verruga peruana while Bartonella …The genus Bartonella is composed of fastidious, Gram-negative and aerobic bacilli belonging to the Alpha proteobacteria group.Bartonella species (spp.) are hemotropic, arthropod-borne bacteria that cause long-term bacteremia in mammalian reservoir hosts [1, 2].During the past decade, there has been a dramatic increase in the number of new Bartonella species that have been discovered among ...The Bartonella genus of bacteria are fastidious and slow-growing gram-negative bacilli. From 1889 to the present, 8 different Bartonella species have been identified, with differing manifestations. This In Brief reviews the illnesses caused by 3 of the more common Bartonella strains: henselae, quintana, and bacilliformis.CSD, caused by ...Clinical Information. Bartonella henselae and Bartonella quintana are small, rod-shaped, pleomorphic, gram-negative bacteria. The human body louse (Pediculus humanis) is the proposed vector for B quintana.No animal reservoir has been determined for B quintana.The domestic cat is believed to be both a reservoir and vector for B henselae.Cats may infect humans directly through scratches, bites ...The genus Bartonella includes infectious, gram-negative, facultative intracellular bacteria of numerous species. Among the Bartonella species, B. henselae is known as one of the most noteworthy pathogens (). B. henselae causes cat-scratch disease, which is a common zoonosis and manifests various clinical symptoms ().. A case of B. henselae infection in South Korea was confirmed in 2005 by PCR ().Bartonella henselae is the causative agent of cat-scratch disease (CSD), usually presenting itself as a self-limiting lymphadenopathy. In this chapter an internally controlled Taqman probe-based real-time PCR targeting the groEL gene of Bartonella spp. is described. This assay allows for the rapid, sensitive, and simple detection of Bartonella spp. in samples from CSD or endocarditis ...CSD is a bacterial infection caused by Bartonella henselae. Most infections usually occur after scratches from domestic or feral cats, especially kittens. CSD occurs wherever cats …Bartonella Henselae - Sketchy Micro. 6 terms. chdavis61995. Soft Tissue Infections and Antibiotic Resista… 9 terms. Images. cb4617 Teacher. Other sets by this creator. Toxoplasma gondii - Sketchy Parasite. 9 terms. chdavis61995. Leishmania - Sketchy Parasite. 7 terms. chdavis61995. Trypanosoma Cruzi - Sketchy Parasite. 7 terms.Dr. Martin D. Fried is a Pediatric Gastroenterologist in Ocean, NJ. Find Dr. Fried's phone number, address, insurance information and more.Bartonellosis is a zoonotic disease caused by bacterial genus Bartonella, which is virtually ubiquitous among mammals.There are 45 species described so far in the Bartonella genus, with Bartonella henselae, B. bacilliformis, B. quintana and B. elizabethae accounting for the majority of human cases 1. Bartonella spp. infects closely related mammal species as its …During the 1990s, it was demonstrated conclusively that Rochalimaea henselae, later reclassified as Bartonella henselae, was the cause of CSD. B. henselae has been isolated from bacteraemic cats, with transmission among cats thought to be via the cat flea. Although other Bartonella species are transmitted by arthropod vectors, it is unlikely ...Bartonella henselae is a gram-negative bacterial pathogen of humans and animals. Like other members of the alphaproteobacteria subdivision, B. henselae is capable of establishing an intracellular lifestyle within eukaryotic cells ().Infection of immunocompetent humans with B. henselae results in "cat scratch disease," a regional lymphadenopathy that is typically associated with wounds of ...Cat-scratch disease (CSD) or felinosis is an infectious disease that most often results from a scratch or bite of a cat. Symptoms typically include a non-painful bump or blister at the site of injury and painful and swollen lymph nodes. People may feel tired, have a headache, or a fever. Symptoms typically begin within 3–14 days following infection.Bartonellosis is a zoonotic disease caused by bacterial genus Bartonella, which is virtually ubiquitous among mammals.There are 45 species described so far in the Bartonella genus, with Bartonella henselae, B. bacilliformis, B. quintana and B. elizabethae accounting for the majority of human cases 1. Bartonella spp. infects closely related mammal species as its …Jun 1, 2010 · 1. Introduction. Bartonella henselae est l’agent de la maladie des griffes du chat, infection humaine bénigne se manifestant le plus souvent par une adénopathie. L’aspect clinique de la maladie des griffes du chat a été décrit en 1950 par Debré et al. qui ont été les premiers à établir un lien entre la maladie et les félidés [1]. Cat scratch disease (CSD), also known as cat scratch fever or bartonellosis, is caused by a bacterial infection. There are at least eight species of Bartonella implicated in causing human disease, while Bartonella henselae is the most common species found in cats. CSD can affect humans, dogs, cats, and other animals. The study is the first to demonstrate that these three herbal medicines had high activity against stationary phase Bartonella henselae: Black walnut ( Juglans nigra) Cryptolepis ( Cryptolepis ...Sixth, clinical testing might have missed Bartonella spp. other than B. henselae or B. quintana that were present at levels below the limit of detection for the 16S primers, because the ribC primers were designed to increase specificity and sensitivity for detecting B. henselae and B. quintana. Finally, some specimens might have been ...Access full lessons by joining Sketchy Medical! Try for Free. Explore the Bacteria unit and get access to free Sketchy Medical lessons. Crush the USMLE Step 1 and Step 2—study smarter, not harder with Sketchy! Infection with Bartonella henselae in an immunocompetent person (i.e., a normal, healthy person) person leads to cat scratch disease. The inoculation site, a scratch from a claw containing bits of flea dirt, develops a small red bump called a papule. About 2 to 3 weeks following contact with the infected cat, the lymph node in the area will ...Access full lessons by joining Sketchy Medical! Learn all about the Sketchy Medical curriculum. Explore and search through our courses and watch free video lessons to see we can help you crush the USMLE Step 1 and Step 2. Study smarter, not harder with Sketchy!Bartonella henselae is a Gram-negative, facultative intracellular bacterium which is the causative agent of cat scratch disease. In humans, infections with B. henselae can result in acute or chronic systemic infections with various clinical symptoms including local skin lesions, malaise, aches, chills, lymphadenopathy, endocarditis, or meningoencephalitis. The current treatment for Bartonella ...Bartonella henselae can cause various infections in humans, ranging from benign and self-limiting diseases to severe and life-threatening diseases as well as persistent infections that are difficult to treat. To develop more effective treatments for persistent Bartonella infections, in this study, we performed a high-throughput screen of an FDA-approved drug library against stationary phase B ...Jun 25, 2023 · Bartonella is a gram-negative intracellular facultative bacterium that is commonly implicated in causing zoonotic infections globally. Almost 20 different species of Bartonella have been isolated thus far among in which Bartonella henselae, Bartonella quintana, and Bartonella bacilliformis are frequently associated with infections in humans. Explore the Bacteria unit and get access to free Sketchy Medical lessons. Crush the USMLE Step 1 and Step 2—study smarter, not harder with Sketchy!Bartonella and Human Infection. According to Breitschwerdt, there are nearly 40 different species of Bartonella known today, and 15 of these have been found to infect human beings (see Table 1). The more commonly known Bartonella species include Bartonella henselae, Bartonella quintana, and Bartonella bacilliformis.Bacillary angiomatosis is also known as epithelioid angiomatosis is an uncommon disease and is a disorder characterized by neovascular proliferation in the skin or the internal organs and presenting as tumor-like masses due to infection with Bartonella henselae or Bartonella quintana.Originally, bacillary angiomatosis was described in …Bartonella species are transmitted by vectors such as ticks, fleas, sand flies, and mosquitoes. At least ei, Chẩn đoán. Điều trị. Bệnh sốt mèo cào là bệnh nhiễm, The most common complaint was tinnitus (76,5%) accompanied by vertigo and dizziness (53,7%), head, 貓抓病是一種由巴通體科的韓瑟勒巴通氏菌（學名：Bartonella henselae）引起的亞急性細菌性疾病 ，至1950年代則發現此病多經貓抓傷或咬傷而造成感染 ，主要傳播媒介是家貓，主要病發在小孩及年輕人身上。 猫抓病是幼, Bartonella henselae infection was established in eight cats of various ages by experimental, Cat scratch disease (CSD), Bartonella henselae. People, The pathological response to infection with Bartonella spp. varies substantially with the status o, Bartonella henselae (B. henselae) can cause intraerythrocytic bactere, Jun 15, 2020 · CSD, caused by Bartonella henselae (B. hense, Bartonella henselae lymphadenitis, or cat-scratch lymphadeniti, A macskakarmolási láz a Bartonella henselae (ba, The genus Bartonella comprises at least 26 species or su, Other articles where Bartonella henselae is discussed: cat scratch, Cat-scratch disease, a zoonotic bacterial infection,, This represents 0.3% of a total of 5590 cases and 2% of the BCNE from , Bartonella henselae is a fastidious gram-negative bac, Am J Med. 2014 Nov;127 (11):1105-10. Bartonella bacteria cause several, Bartonella henselae is a fastidious gram-negative ba.